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Thursday, 11 January 2018

UNIT 31 Assignment: Social Action & Community Media

Scenario: You have been asked by Social Action Community Monthly (SCAM) to create a magazine article, which shows the reader how producing a piece of SCAM work can be very  effective way of rising awareness of charity or community issues and identify why techniques are effective.

Task 1

This assignment covers the following:
  • Define the purpose of social action media and community media.
  • Choose 4 areas of social action and community media and explain how they can either…

Bring about local, national or global change; change attitudes; raise awareness; create access to media production for non-traditional groups; challenge dominant representations and agendas; create or strengthen community ties; provide information; campaign; change voting behavior; or infiltrate mainstream media.  

Task 2

Explore the impact of the work:
  • Provide evidence of any change being brought about through projects.
  • Provide a detailed analysis of your 4 examples of SCAM work - identify how they are constructed to effectively achieve their purpose.

The magazine itself is not necessary, only the article content.

Social and Community Media Impact

Social action is often defined as “taking steps to change the things that are wrong in our society and introducing new ideas and processes for doing things better in the future”. Meanwhile, community media is defined as “any form of media that is created and controlled by a community, either a geographic community or a community of identity or interest. Community media is separate from commercial media, state run media, or public broadcasting.”

The purpose of social action is to raise public awareness on specific issues in order to mobilize activity that works towards those issues being solved, investigated or researched. Much like social action it aims to raise awareness though often among a particular group or community, unlike social action which is aimed more globally.

One example of social media bringing about a change in attitudes is the platform of Community Channel. Community Channel describes itself as “the only TV station totally dedicated to highlighting issues from both local and international communities as well as the voluntary and charitable sectors.” Banners on website, as well as ads, advertise such issues in local and international communities, such as those that express resolve for black minorities to be given a voice and listen to their problems.

In addition to this, the LGBT community are also expressed, with the website advertising documentaries and videos that highlight issues being tackled. So how does this change attitudes? Well the whole point of Community Channel is to give a focus on the issues of local and international communities, so anyone willing to educate themselves on issues either involving minorities or other groups, as well as contemporary issues, may gain a new perspective on things.

An example from the website itself would be the We Are Poets section, which “presents a timely and radical exploration of youth, language and education, as a remarkable team of six British teenagers are chosen to represent the UK at Brave New Voices: the most prestigious Poetry Slam competition in the world.” The aim of this particular documentary is to show-off the creativity that comes with poetry and make it so it is a testament “to the power of creativity, community and the dynamism of young people”, as well as attempting to change the attitude of the following: “Anyone tempted to dismiss today’s youth as politically apathetic better pay heed: here is electrifying evidence to the contrary.”

Another example of social media raising awareness is Twitter’s attempts at showing who are behind political ads that target users. According to Adweek, this comes days after the legislation of the Honest Ads Act was implemented, as an attempt to inform the public and those on social who are those who run political ads on their social media and why. A lot of this, of course, can be linked back to being based off of a person’s interests and search history; however, many may not have political interests or affiliations at all. Thus, many are left wondering as to why this happens.

“ The Transparency Center, as Twitter’s feature will be called, will also include information about total campaign spend by an advertiser, information about the organization buying the ad, targeting demographics the buyer used and historical data about electioneering ad spending for a candidate by the advertiser. The updates will first be rolled out in the U.S. and then globally. “

The above quote details what this transparent feature aims to achieve. So then, what does this do to raise awareness? Quite simply, the data collected by the Transparency Center will be used as statistics and records in order to tell the public who is running these ads, their political ideologies and what demographics they seek etc. This can all be used to raise public awareness on the controversies surrounding political ad funding and other areas of political intrigue. As mentioned in Adweek:

“ Twitter is the first of the major platforms to roll out its own disclosures in response to Russian actors buying ads on Twitter, Facebook and other platforms as a way to sway misinformation before and after the U.S. election. “

The reasoning behind this raising awareness in turn informs the public on why the Transparency Center is taking action, pointing to the involvement of Russian actions who may or may not have swayed information before and after the 2016 U.S. election. The impact this is bound to have is to perhaps have economists or data collectors jump on the information collected and allocate it for use, as well as the public discussing more of the intrigue surrounding the use of political ads and how they can be used.

An example of community media bringing about local change is Brighter Futures Together: Tackle climate change in your community. The website and movement itself also aims at the internationality of the issue, but also dedicates a section to local action that can be taken. This is so to make an impact on a local level, more specifically in the North East of England. In order to help guide and inform one on the issue of climate change, as well as better combat it, suggested activities are listed.

Advice given as part of the suggested activities include the following: save energy, consider renewable and low carbon energy; recycle; save water; choice of transport etc. This is all meant to be apart of a greater good that helps push the planet towards a more environmentally healthy place, with impact taken from localities all the way to the international spectrum, thus making a positive impact.

One other example of community media providing information is the Consent Is Everything campaign. This is intended to inform the public on the issue of consent, as cases of secual assault and rape have long been on the criminal record, thus leaving it to campaigns such as these to help combat the issue. One tab has a page dedicated to what exactly consent is, where a number of bulletins are made.

The tagline states: “Sex without consent is rape”. These are some of bullet points made, “Make sure the other person is participating freely and readily… You can confirm if you have consent both verbally and by checking the other person’s body language… Someone on drugs or too drunk to make decisions doesn’t have the mental capacity to give consent… If someone is on drugs or seems too drunk to consent, or you’re not sure, stop. Wait until they are sober and ask them again… Somebody who is asleep or unconscious cannot give consent.”

The page also has a tab dedicated on how to get consent properly, as well as a section entitled “Myths vs. Facts”. Furthermore, a short video with a little analogue about tea and consent is present on the front page, acting as a simple reminder on what consent is. This is all intended to inform the public, with the desired impact meaning there will be more consent and less rape.

UNIT 5: Working To A Brief (Research & Notes)

Task:
  1. Describe the requirements of working to your brief reference to examples.
  2. What are the advantages and disadvantages to both the client and the production company?
  3. Who benefits most from your type of brief?
  4. What issues could possibly arrive from this type of brief?

Types of Briefs

Formal - written document. Technical and specific language as well as focused and in-depth: detail i.e.budget, deadlines, requirements etc. Majority of briefs are in this style.

Pro(s)
  • The advantages to this type of brief is that there is more verbal communication between the client and the company they are employing which could mean that the media company will understand fully exactly what the client is asking of them and they should be able to complete the project to the client’s standards easily.

Con(s)
  • The fact that there is no written documentation or contract to prove the employment of the company could mean that at the end of the project the client could easily fail to pay their employees. Also this could mean that certain things like deadlines are not completely clear and this can cause confusion for both parties.

Informal - can be as straightforward as a chat over a drink in the pub. Non/ limited documentation. No direct contractual agreement. Non specific requirements outlined initially. Tend to be undertaken and then fleshed out at a later date.

Contractual - tasks are accepted under legal obligation (signed documentation). The clients desires and deadlines outlined must be met. Both the client and the media producer must abide by the brief.

Pro(s)
  • The advantage OF HAVING A CONTRACTUAL BRIEF is that once the final product or piece is completed, the client who first signed the contractual brief is legally obliged to pay you the agreed rate and if they don’t you have a legal right to sue them and produce a court case against them to take actions further.

Con(s)
  • The disadvantage of a contract is the fact that it works both ways and if you do not produce the product/piece on time or to the standard required then they have the same authority and ability to sue you.  

Negotiated - a negotiated brief is one that is discussed and negotiated between the client and the production company, this allows for both parties to input their own ideas and come to a conclusion of which ideas are best to be used in the final product.

Pro(s)
  • Although negotiated briefs provide the other party freedom to present ideas and make changes, the client still has most of the power and authority over the final decision. If the client is not 100% happy they will not agree to the brief and the whole thing will not work out. This is a benefit for the client as they can make it easier for themselves when it comes to payment requirements and other terms and conditions.

Con(s)
  • The disadvantages of a negotiated brief is the fact that the production company can try and negotiate deadlines and payments which may cause delays and take longer than any contractual brief may take. If the production company disagree with your brief entirely this may be a waste of time, money and effort for the client which is not ideal when they are interested in setting deadlines.

Cooperative - 2 or more media producers production companies working together to meet the brief. For example, film producers at different post production houses.

Pro(s)
  • The advantages of using a cooperative brief is that by including another production company there can be a more diverse outlook on the task which will enable more ideas and creativity to the task which could result in a really happy client which is good for business. Each production company doesn’t have to stress out about not being skilled enough or qualified to do certain things which may result in an unhappy client.

Con(s)
  • The disadvantages could be that there is more risk of being in a disagreement with the other production company as not every company will have the same rules, regulations and ways of thinking which could cause conflict. Also the fact that the client is employing another production company to do certain tasks could mean that you might not receive as much payment as you would if you were the only production company working on it as the client will more than likely have to budget their money.

Tender - very similar to how a company might advertise for a job post, the client will advertise that they want a media product and will therefore give out a vague brief of what they want. Multiple production companies will then come up with a proposal of how much it would cost and who they would produce the product that the client desires. The client will then choose their preferred proposal and will negotiate with them to perfect it.

Pro(s)
  • Benefits for the production company, if they were chosen out of all the other proposals and their competition, it would show that their work is clearly the best and they could earn more money from being the first choice.
  • This will benefit their CV.
  • Production company are creating your proposal - saves you a lot of time and effort.
  • production companies are applying for the job therefore you receive numerous applicants without having to travel saves money.

Con(s)
  • A lot of time, effort and energy into doing all the research for the task and then as you are competing with others, if your proposal doesn’t get chosen then this could be a waste of time and can potentially be a big step back as you would earn anything for the work you have done.
  • Disadvantage you have to wait around until production teams respond and send you their proposals.
  • You have no control over the time scale.

Competition - the brief is advertised to multiple media producers. The producers don’t have to pitch all the different producers create the product. The client picks which one is the best. The reward is often just the prospect of getting your project published/distributed.

Pro(s)
  • Easy to get out there.
  • Client is able to select from multiple candidates.
  • Helps a client get their work published.

Con(s)
  • No candidates could show up for audition.
  • A low budget way of advertising for your brief.

Commission - a media company employs an independent company to produce a product for them on their behalf. The brief is not negotiated between the media producer and their employer/ commissioner. However the commissioner might negotiate the brief with the client. The independent company is paid and may receive royalties.

Pro(s)
  • Client can negotiate directly with commissioner.

Con(s)
  • Possible constraints on independent company under the company it is working for.

This should serve as a guide.

Create A Social Action Program

Team: Kevin Middleton & Matthew Tulip

Scenario: You have started work for digital media company. Your boss wants you to come up with an idea for a new factual teen show for teens. Cooking, fashion, music, adventure, blogging based etc.

Target audience: teenagers (13-19 year olds).

Ideas:
  • Leaflet
  • Short film/video
  • TV show
  • Blog
  • Documentary

Subject: homelessness and how governments handle the epidemic around the world.

Narrative: follow homelessness here in the UK, then the US and other countries around the world.

Presentation: with our findings from our research notes, we will present the idea during our pitch.

Impact: show the reality of homelessness and the facts, in hopes that it will encourage social action among the masses.

Why? To raise awareness on the issues of homelessness and encourage social action to combat it i.e. supporting programs and petitioning government.

Research

The Guardian: Homeless in Britain: ‘I graduated with honours – and ended up on the streets’

  • There was an awful incident near Westfield a few months ago where school-age teenagers, laughing, filmed their friends kicking an elderly homeless man onto the floor in broad daylight. We have a government that has no empathy, so perhaps it’s no surprise school kids get off being like that too.

Business Insider UK: Here's the intense, rigorous process each refugee goes through before coming to the US

  • One major argument immigration advocates have cited against making any changes to current plans is the lengthy process for vetting refugees. It typically lasts 18 to 24 months, and experts say it may actually be among the most difficult ways for terrorists to attempt to enter into the US legally.

The Telegraph: Rio attempts to tackle widespread homelessness ahead of Olympics

  • Joao Nunes Peixoto Filho has overstayed at a homeless refuge in Rio de Janeiro. Out of work since he got Hansen’s disease, or leprosy, he has no family and nowhere to go. “I spent time on the streets,” the 52-year-old said, quietly. “At my age, I didn’t have much schooling and it’s difficult to find work.” His dream of having his own home rests solely on being drawn by the government’s social housing programme, Minha Casa, Minha Vida (“My House, My Life”).


  • On a single night in January 2015, for example, 564,708 people were considered homelessness in America, according to the National Alliance to End Homelessness. That’s over half a million people without a roof over their heads.
  • Although the national rate of homelessness has gone down from 21.5% in 2007 to 17.7% in 2015, there is still a lot of work to be done — the rate of homelessness amongst individual states continues to be high and the amount of affordable housing remains painfully low.


  • In Japan – or at least in Tokyo – however, most homeless people are middle-aged or older men. One article even suggests that many of these men were once white-collar workers or had been company owners–people we’d consider successful. For whatever reason, many of these men eventually chose a life outside the system. As one older gentlemen told a reporter for Record China, “After spending a year as a homeless person, people don’t want to go back to work. It’s because living life without an alarm clock is a blessing.”
  • But just because they’re not working regular jobs doesn’t mean they aren’t earning an income. In fact one 60-year-old homeless man known as Ishii, who has lived on the streets for 13 years, told a reporter from Spa!, a Japanese magazine, that he made around three million yen a year. Another man, who’s been homeless for 12 years, told Spa! that he was making over 100,000 yen a month.
Gallup News: Worry About Hunger, Homelessness Up for Lower-Income in US http://news.gallup.com/poll/207521/worry-hunger-homelessness-lower-income.aspx
  • WASHINGTON, D.C. -- Over the past two years, an average of 67% of lower-income U.S. adults, up from 51% from 2010-2011, have worried "a great deal" about the problem of hunger and homelessness in the country. Concern has also increased among middle- and upper-income Americans, but they still worry far less than do lower-income Americans.


  • Back in January, senators introduced the idea of issuing $2 billion in bonds to provide at least 14,000 units to house homeless people, the Los Angeles Times reported. The bonds would be repaid over about 20 to 30 years using funds from a “millionaire's tax,” which would raise taxes on millionaires by 1 percent, according to the AP.
  • The plan is moving forward at a time when cities, including Los Angeles, are declaring homelessness states of emergencies in order to free up disaster funds to address the issue. But Gov. Jerry Brown isn’t in favor of the approach, the AP noted.
  • A recent study out of San Francisco found that the city saved 56 percent in expenses over the course of four years after housing for homeless people.

ThinkProgress: Leaving Homeless Person On The Streets: $31,065. Giving Them Housing: $10,051. https://thinkprogress.org/leaving-homeless-person-on-the-streets-31-065-giving-them-housing-10-051-3107834a8632/

  • Late last week, the Central Florida Commission on Homelessness released a new study showing that, when accounting for a variety of public expenses, Florida residents pay $31,065 per chronically homeless person every year they live on the streets.
  • The study, conducted by Creative Housing Solutions, an Oklahoma-based consultant group, tracked public expenses accrued by 107 chronically homeless individuals in central Florida. These ranged from criminalization and incarceration costs to medical treatment and emergency room intakes that the patient was unable to afford.

ThinkProg: Homelessness Is Falling — But Not Fast Enough https://thinkprogress.org/homelessness-is-falling-but-not-fast-enough-f44486ed5017/

  • Homelessness fell by more than 2 percent at the beginning of this year compared to last, or 13,344 fewer people, according to the latest data from the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
  • But in the annual point-in-time count of the country’s homeless population in January of 2014, there were still 578,424 homeless people. Just over 30 percent of those were unsheltered, living on the street or in parks, cars, or abandoned buildings, although the decline in homelessness was driven by a 10 percent drop in people living in these conditions.

Images found:



Videos found:

Homelessness In Britain: The Facts - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCfcd0kNbXI

Homeless and hungry: How benefit sanctions hit the poorest - BBC Newsnight - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2psCDqh7IXk

10 Minutes: Homeless England - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoPJebHagkw